https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7392730/what-does-sql-clause-group-by-1-mean

这意味着按结果集的第一列分组,而不管它叫什么。  您可以使用 ORDER BY 执行相同的操作。

It means to group by the first column of your result set regardless of what it's called. You can do the same with

ORDER BY
.

SELECT account_id, open_emp_id
^^^^        ^^^^
1           2
FROM account
GROUP BY 1;